function features = Gabor_extract(gray_img)
    % 创建 Gabor 滤波器数组
    wavelengths = [2 4 8 16]; % 多个波长
    orientations = 0:45:135; % 多个方向
    g = gabor(wavelengths, orientations);
    
    % 应用 Gabor 滤波器
    gabormag = imgaborfilt(gray_img, g);
    
    % 提取特征
    features = [];
    for i = 1:length(g)
        % 计算每个 Gabor 滤波器响应的均值和方差
        mean_val = mean(gabormag(:,:,i), 'all');
        std_val = std(gabormag(:,:,i), 0, 'all');
        features = [features, mean_val, std_val];
    end
    
    % 特征标准化
    features = (features - mean(features)) / std(features);
end